Understanding and preventing ear infections in children

1- What is an ear infection?

An ear infection is an inflammation or infection of the ear, usually caused by bacteria or viruses. It can affect different parts of the ear:

• Otitis externa: An infection of the outer ear canal, often caused by water exposure or local irritation.

• Otitis media: An infection behind the eardrum, very common in children under five years old.

• Otitis interna: A rare infection affecting the innermost part of the ear, which can cause dizziness.

Otitis media is the most common type in children and often develops following a cold or respiratory infection.

2- Symptoms of ear infections in children

The symptoms of an ear infection vary depending on the child's age. Here are the most common signs:

• Ear pain (manifested by crying or pulling on the ear, especially in younger children).

• Fever.

• Irritability and sleep disturbances.

• Temporary hearing loss.

• Fluid discharge from the ear.

• Loss of appetite.

If your child shows one or more of these symptoms, it is recommended to consult a pediatrician for evaluation and possible treatment.

3- Causes and risk factors

Children are more vulnerable to ear infections due to the shape and size of their Eustachian tubes, the small tubes connecting the middle ear to the back of the throat. When these tubes become blocked by mucus or fluids, germs can multiply, causing an infection. Risk factors include:

• Frequent respiratory infections (such as colds).

• Exposure to tobacco smoke.

• Attendance at environments with many children (daycares, schools).

• Prolonged use of a bottle or pacifier while lying down.

4- Preventing ear infections in children

While not all ear infections can be avoided, several measures can reduce the risks:

• Nasal hygiene: Encourage your child to blow their nose regularly to clear the airways.

• Breastfeeding: Breastfeeding has been shown to reduce the risk of ear infections in young children.

• Avoid exposure to cigarette smoke: Children exposed to tobacco smoke are more likely to develop ear infections.

• Vaccination: Ensure your child is up-to-date with vaccines, especially the flu and pneumococcal vaccines, which can prevent respiratory infections that may lead to ear infections.

5- When to see a doctor

While some ear infections resolve on their own, it is important to consult a pediatrician if the pain is severe or persists for more than 48 hours. Additionally, seek medical attention if your child has a high fever (above 38.5°C), ear discharge, or hearing loss.

Treatment depends on the severity of the infection. In some cases, antibiotics may be required to treat bacterial ear infections, while viral infections may resolve on their own with supportive care (pain relief and monitoring).

Conclusion

Ear infections are common but can be effectively managed if detected early. By adopting good prevention habits and staying alert to symptoms, you can protect your child’s ear health.

The Centre Pédiatrique de Bonapriso is here to support you in managing ENT infections and provide your child with the best possible care. Do not hesitate to schedule a consultation for ear infections or other health concerns.