Understanding and managing constipation in children

1- What is constipation?

Constipation in children is defined by hard, dry, and difficult-to-pass stools or a bowel movement frequency of fewer than three times per week. Constipated children may experience pain during defecation, along with bloating or abdominal cramps.

2- What are the signs of constipation in children?

The symptoms of constipation can vary depending on the child’s age and the severity of the problem. The most common signs include:

• Hard and painful stools

• Fewer than three bowel movements per week

• Abdominal pain or bloating

• Stools containing blood (often due to anal fissures caused by straining)

• Voluntary stool withholding: The child may avoid using the toilet, worsening constipation out of fear of pain

• Loss of appetite and irritability

3- What are the causes of constipation in children?

Several factors can contribute to constipation in children. The most common causes include:

1. Low-fiber diet: Dietary fiber is essential for healthy digestion. A diet lacking fruits, vegetables, and whole grains can lead to constipation.

2. Insufficient hydration: Not drinking enough water makes stools harder and more difficult to pass. Staying hydrated is crucial for maintaining healthy bowel movements.

3. Changes in eating habits: Transitions, such as introducing solid foods to babies or dietary changes during travel, can trigger temporary constipation.

4. Voluntary withholding: Some children avoid using the toilet due to fear of pain or discomfort, especially when they are learning toilet habits. Withholding stools makes them harder and more painful to pass.

5. Changes in routine: New environments, starting school, stress, or lifestyle changes can disrupt regular bowel habits.

6. Underlying medical conditions: In some cases, constipation may be linked to medical issues such as lactose intolerance, celiac disease, or anatomical abnormalities in the intestines.

4- How to prevent constipation in children?

Preventing constipation primarily involves healthy eating and lifestyle habits. Here are some tips to avoid constipation in your child:

1. Encourage a high-fiber diet: Include fiber-rich foods in your child's meals, such as fruits (apples, pears, prunes), vegetables (broccoli, carrots), whole grains, and legumes.

2. Ensure proper hydration: Encourage your child to drink plenty of water throughout the day. Staying hydrated softens stools and makes them easier to pass.

3. Promote physical activity: Regular exercise stimulates intestinal activity. Ensure your child participates in physical activities like walking, running, or playing.

4. Establish a regular toilet routine: Encourage your child to use the toilet at regular times, such as after meals. Make sure they don’t hold in stools when they feel the urge to go.

5. Ensure good posture on the toilet: For younger children, using a small stool to elevate their feet can help them adopt a posture that facilitates bowel movements.

5- How to treat constipation in children?

The treatment of constipation depends on the severity of the problem. Here are some simple steps to try at home:

1. Increase fiber and water intake: Ensure your child consumes enough fiber and drinks plenty of water, which can often resolve constipation.

2. Encourage regular toilet habits: Create a consistent toilet routine, especially after meals, and ensure your child does not feel rushed.

3. Gentle abdominal massages: Lightly massaging your child's belly can help stimulate intestinal muscles and improve bowel movements.

4. Mild laxatives or suppositories: In some cases, your doctor may recommend mild laxatives or suppositories to relieve constipation. It is important not to administer laxatives without consulting a healthcare professional.

6- When to see a doctor?

If constipation persists despite dietary changes and preventive measures, it is essential to consult a pediatrician. Here are some signs that require medical attention:

• Constipation lasting more than two weeks

• Severe abdominal pain or excessive bloating

• Blood in the stool

• Extreme fatigue or unexplained weight loss

7- The role of the Bonapriso Pediatric Center

At the Bonapriso Pediatric Center, we support parents and children in managing constipation. Our pediatricians conduct comprehensive evaluations to identify the causes of constipation and offer appropriate treatments. We also prioritize educating parents on best practices to prevent this common digestive issue.