Infant gastroesophageal reflux: understanding and managing this common condition

1- What is gastroesophageal reflux?

Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) refers to the involuntary backflow of stomach contents into the esophagus, sometimes reaching the mouth. This condition occurs due to the immaturity of the infant's digestive system, especially the muscle between the stomach and esophagus (the lower esophageal sphincter), which has not yet fully developed to close properly.
Reflux is very common in babies under 12 months of age. In most cases, it resolves naturally as the digestive system matures, typically by the age of one year.

2- Symptoms of reflux in infants

Symptoms vary in severity from one child to another. The most common signs include:

• Frequent regurgitation after meals

• Irritability and crying after feeding

• Unexplained coughing or breathing difficulties

• Feeding difficulties or refusal of the bottle

• Vomiting (in some cases)

• Arching of the back or rejecting movements during or after feeding
  If these symptoms are recurrent or severe, it is essential to consult a pediatrician.

3- Simple reflux or pathological reflux?

In most cases, GER is considered physiological: it does not cause complications and resolves on its own.
However, some infants may develop pathological or complicated reflux, known as pathological gastroesophageal reflux (GERD). This type of reflux can cause significant pain, weight loss, or repeated respiratory infections.

4- Tips to relieve your baby’s reflux

Here are some simple measures that can help reduce reflux and provide comfort after meals:

• Split meals: Offer smaller amounts of food at more frequent intervals.

• Keep your baby upright for 20 to 30 minutes after feeding.

• Slightly elevate the head of the bed to prevent stomach contents from flowing back.

• Avoid tight diapers or clothing around the abdomen.

• Switch formula if needed: Some thickened formulas may help reduce regurgitation.
  These tips often help improve the situation without the need for medical treatment.

5- When should you consult a pediatrician?

It is recommended to see a pediatrician if:

• Reflux symptoms are very frequent and disrupt your baby’s daily life.

• Your baby is losing weight or is not gaining weight as expected.

• You notice breathing difficulties or repeated infections (such as bronchitis or ear infections).

• Vomiting becomes frequent and excessive.
  The pediatrician will assess whether specific care is needed and guide you toward appropriate solutions (dietary adjustments, anti-reflux medication, or further testing).

6- The role of the Bonapriso Pediatric Center in managing reflux

At the Bonapriso Pediatric Center, we support parents dealing with infant reflux by:

• Providing an accurate diagnosis: Our doctors examine your baby and assess the severity of the reflux.

• Offering personalized follow-ups: We adjust our recommendations based on the evolution of symptoms and, if needed, introduce treatment.

• Referring to specialists: In cases of severe reflux, we collaborate with pediatric gastroenterologists for further evaluation.

• Supporting parents: We understand that GER can be a source of worry. We are here to guide you throughout the process, ensuring that you can manage the situation with peace of mind.

Conclusion

Although gastroesophageal reflux is common in infants, it is rarely serious and typically improves over time. With a few simple adjustments and proper follow-up, your baby can regain comfort. If you have any doubts or if symptoms persist, do not hesitate to contact our team at the Bonapriso Pediatric Center. We are here to ensure the health and well-being of your child.