Chickenpox in children: symptoms, treatment, and prevention

1- What is Chickenpox?

Chickenpox is a highly contagious viral infection that primarily affects children under the age of 10, although people of all ages can catch it. It spreads through direct contact with skin lesions or airborne droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes. Once a person has had chickenpox, they usually develop lifelong immunity. However, the virus remains dormant in the body and can reactivate later as shingles.

2- Symptoms of Chickenpox

Chickenpox symptoms typically appear 10 to 21 days after exposure to the virus. The most common symptoms include:

• Skin rash: Small red spots appear, which evolve into fluid-filled blisters before crusting over in a few days. The rash usually begins on the face and torso before spreading across the body, including the scalp.

• Intense itching: The rash is often very itchy, leading to scratching that may cause secondary skin infections.

• Fever: A mild fever (38°C to 39°C) may accompany the rash.

• Fatigue and general discomfort: The child may feel tired, irritable, or lose appetite.

3- How to Treat Chickenpox?

Although chickenpox resolves on its own within 7 to 10 days, managing the symptoms is essential to avoid complications:

• Relieving itching: Use soothing lotions or appropriate antihistamines to reduce itching. Tepid baths with baking soda or colloidal oatmeal can also help.

• Managing fever: Paracetamol is recommended to reduce fever. Avoid ibuprofen and other anti-inflammatory drugs, as they can worsen skin infections.

• Preventing skin infections: Keep your child’s nails trimmed to avoid scratching and secondary infections. You can also use gloves to prevent younger children from scratching at night.

• Isolation to prevent spreading: Keep your child at home until all the blisters have crusted over (around one week), as chickenpox is most contagious before this stage.

4- Possible Complications

While chickenpox is usually mild, certain complications can occur, including:

• Skin infections: Scratching the blisters can lead to bacterial infections of the skin.

• Respiratory complications: In rare cases, chickenpox can cause viral pneumonia, especially in individuals with weakened immune systems.

• Neurological complications: Meningitis or encephalitis can occasionally occur but are rare.

If your child shows signs of infection, persistent high fever, or unusual symptoms (such as neck stiffness), seek medical attention promptly.

5- Chickenpox Vaccination

A vaccine against chickenpox is available and recommended in some countries for children over 12 months of age to prevent the infection. Although the vaccine is not mandatory in Cameroon, it is highly recommended for children at risk. Adults who have never had chickenpox can also be vaccinated to prevent more severe cases.

6- Tips for Parents

To help your child through this period:

• Ensure they stay well hydrated by offering water, soups, or fruit juices frequently.

• Dress them in loose, soft clothing to minimize skin irritation.

• Monitor for signs of complications and consult a pediatrician if needed.

Conclusion

Chickenpox is a common childhood illness, but with appropriate care, it can be well managed. By taking the necessary precautions to relieve symptoms and prevent the spread of the virus, you can help your child recover comfortably.

For more information on chickenpox or to schedule a consultation, contact the Centre Pédiatrique de Bonapriso at 695502537.

Take care of your child and ensure a quick and comfortable recovery!