Autism: understanding autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in children

1- What is autism?

Autism is part of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a group of neurodevelopmental disorders that affect a child's development in several areas:

• Social interactions: Difficulty understanding and building relationships with others.

• Communication: Issues with speech, language, or the atypical use of non-verbal communication (gestures, facial expressions).

• Behaviors: Repetitive movements, restricted interests, and sometimes hypersensitivity to sensory stimuli.

The term "spectrum" emphasizes the wide variability in how autism manifests. Every autistic child is unique, with their own strengths, challenges, and needs. Some children may experience mild difficulties and adapt easily, while others may require more intensive support.

2- What are the signs of autism in children?

The signs of autism typically appear within the first few years of life. Although every child is different, certain behaviors may raise concerns for parents or healthcare professionals:

• Difficulties with social interactions

  • The child may not respond to their name or avoid direct eye contact.

  • They may prefer playing alone rather than with other children.

  • They may struggle to understand the emotions of others or express their own feelings.

• Delays or anomalies in communication

  • The child may speak very little or not at all by the age of two.

  • They may find it difficult to initiate or maintain a conversation.

  • They may frequently repeat words or phrases without using them meaningfully.

• Repetitive or unusual behaviors

  • The child may engage in repetitive movements (rocking, hand-flapping).

  • They may become strongly attached to specific routines or objects.

  • They may overreact to sounds, lights, or textures (sensory hypersensitivity).

• Restricted interests

  • The child may show intense interest in specific topics (such as numbers or spinning objects).

  • They may struggle to switch from one activity to another or adapt to changes.

3- Why is it called the "autism spectrum"?

The term "spectrum" reflects the wide range of autism manifestations. One child may show mild signs and develop almost normally, while another may experience more severe challenges that significantly impact their autonomy.

There are often two main classifications:

• High-functioning autism (formerly known as Asperger syndrome): Children have normal or above-average intellectual abilities but face difficulties with social interactions and exhibit repetitive behaviors.

• Severe autism: Children experience more pronounced challenges in language, communication, and social interactions, often accompanied by intellectual disability.

4- What causes autism?

The exact causes of autism are not fully understood, but both genetic and environmental factors seem to play a role.

• Genetic predispositions: Family history of ASD increases the risk for other family members.

• Environmental factors: Complications at birth or prenatal infections may influence brain development.

It is essential to note that vaccines do not cause autism. Numerous studies have confirmed that there is no link between vaccination and autism.

5- What should you do if you suspect autism in your child?

If you notice behaviors that concern you, it is important to consult a pediatrician or developmental specialist. Early diagnosis is key to implementing appropriate support.

The diagnosis of autism involves a comprehensive evaluation, including:

• Behavioral and social assessments: Evaluating the child’s interactions and communication.

• Developmental tests: Measuring cognitive and language skills.

• Parental input: Collecting information on the child’s medical and family history.

6- How to support a child with autism?

While autism cannot be "cured," tailored support helps children reach their potential and improve their quality of life. Common therapeutic approaches include:

• Behavioral therapy: Programs like applied behavior analysis (ABA) help children develop social skills and reduce problematic behaviors.

• Speech therapy: Supports children with language difficulties to improve communication.

• Occupational therapy: Assists children with motor or sensory issues to better manage daily activities.

• Specialized educational support: Some children benefit from adapted educational programs in specialized settings.

7- The role of the Centre Pédiatrique de Bonapriso

At the Centre Pédiatrique de Bonapriso, we offer developmental assessments to identify signs of autism spectrum disorder in children. Our team collaborates closely with developmental specialists and speech therapists to provide comprehensive, personalized care.

We recognize the importance of early diagnosis and appropriate intervention. Our pediatricians are available to answer your questions and guide you through every step of the process, from assessment to the implementation of an intervention plan.

Conclusion

Autism spectrum disorder is complex and requires an individualized approach for each child. If you have concerns about your child’s development, do not hesitate to schedule an appointment at the Centre Pédiatrique de Bonapriso.