Allergies in children: causes, symptoms, and solutions

1- What is an allergy?

An allergy is an overreaction of the immune system to a foreign substance, known as an allergen, which is typically harmless. Allergens can be present in the air, food, medications, or the home environment.

Children can develop allergies from a very young age, and some may even be born with a predisposition, especially if one or both parents have allergies.

2- Types of allergies in children

a. Food allergies

These are among the most common allergies in children and can be triggered by foods such as:

• Peanuts

• Eggs

• Cow’s milk

• Shellfish

• Wheat and soy

Symptoms: Skin rashes, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and in severe cases, anaphylaxis (a potentially life-threatening reaction).

b. Respiratory allergies

These occur when a child inhales allergens in the air, such as pollen, dust, mites, mold, or pet dander.

Symptoms: Sneezing, runny nose, red and watery eyes, persistent cough, and in some cases, respiratory issues that can lead to allergic asthma.

c. Skin allergies

These manifest as skin irritations, such as eczema or hives, and can result from contact with allergens (soaps, chemicals, metals) or other types of allergies, such as food allergies.

Symptoms: Redness, patches, itching, dry skin, and swelling.

d. Insect sting allergies

Some children may develop allergic reactions to bee, wasp, or mosquito stings. Reactions can range from mild swelling to severe allergic responses.

Symptoms: Pain, localized swelling, itching, and in severe cases, anaphylactic shock.

3- How to diagnose allergies in children

Allergy diagnosis starts with a medical consultation, followed by potential tests such as:

• Skin tests: Small amounts of allergens are introduced under the skin to observe for a reaction.

• Blood tests: Measure specific IgE antibody levels associated with allergic reactions.

• Provocation tests: Under medical supervision, the child is exposed to suspected allergens to monitor reactions.

4- How to manage allergies in children

a. Avoiding allergens
Avoiding allergens is the first step. Here are some tips:

• For food allergies, read labels carefully and avoid high-risk foods.

• For respiratory allergies, keep the home clean, minimize dust sources, and ventilate rooms regularly.

• Use hypoallergenic skincare products to prevent skin reactions.

b. Medications
Common treatments include:

• Antihistamines: To relieve mild to moderate symptoms.

• Corticosteroids: To reduce inflammation in severe cases.

• Epinephrine (Adrenaline): For emergency use in cases of anaphylaxis.

c. Immunotherapy
For severe or hard-to-control allergies, immunotherapy may be considered. This treatment involves gradually exposing the child to increasing doses of allergens to build tolerance over time.

5- Prevention and practical tips for parents

• Recognize early signs of allergic reactions and respond promptly.

• Carry an emergency kit if your child is prone to severe reactions (such as an epinephrine auto-injector).

• Inform caregivers and teachers about your child’s allergies and the necessary precautions.

6- When to consult a pediatrician?

If your child frequently exhibits allergy symptoms or if the allergies interfere with their daily life, consult a pediatrician at the Centre Pédiatrique de Bonapriso.

Conclusion

Allergies should not be underestimated, but with proper medical care and effective management strategies, your child can live a normal, fulfilling life. For any questions or to schedule a consultation, contact us today.

We are here to support your child’s health and well-being!